婴儿营养

母乳中含有左旋肉碱,这是通过线粒体膜输送长链脂肪酸和其他有机酸的必备物质。 对于年幼的婴儿,如果其饮食中的左旋肉碱含量过低,就会降低其血浆和组织中的左旋肉碱含量,并可能进一步诱发与脂肪酸氧化、酰基辅酶 A 化合物代谢、酮生成和氮平衡相关的失调。 欧洲儿科胃肠病学、肝病学和营养协会 (European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, ESPGHAN) 的营养委员会建议,婴儿配方奶粉中的左旋肉碱含量应当与母乳中的含量相当。 与成人相比,新生儿合成左旋肉碱的能力不足,似乎不能满足身体的要求。 因此,左旋肉碱可视为一种适合婴幼儿的有条件的必需营养物质。

研究:(参考资料)

  • Greer FR (2009). Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 66:191–203
  • Vaz FM & Wanders JA (2002). Biochem J 361:417-429
  • Knüttel-Gustavsen S & Harmeyer J (2007). Food Chem 105(2):793–804
  • Rebouche CJ (1992). FASEB J 6:3379–3386
  • Borum PR (1995). J Child Neurol 10:2S25–2S31
  • Campoy C et al. (1998). Early Hum Dev 53:S149–S164
  • Baltzell JK et al. (1987). J Nutr 117(4):754–757
  • Rubecz I et al. (1984). Acta Paediatr Hung 25(1-2):165–171
  • Penn D et al. (1980). Early Human Dev 4(1):23–34
  • Rebouche CJ & Engel AG (1980). Biochim Biophys Acta 630:22–29
  • Chace DH et al. (2003). Pediatr Res 53:823–829
  • Lehotay DC et al. (2011). Clin Biochem 44(1):21–31
  • Lindner M et al. (2010). J Inherit Metab Dis 33(5):521–526
  • Wilcken B (2008). Ann Acad Med Singapore 37 (Suppl 3):71–73
  • Schulpis K et al. (2008). Clin Chem Lab Med 46(5):680–686
  • Strack E et al. (1960). Z Kinderheilkd 84:458–468
  • Rubaltelli FF et al. (1987). Biol Neonate 52(S1):65–77
  • Melegh B et al. (1987). Biol Neonate 51:185–193
  • Sandor A et al. (1982). Perinat Res 16:89–91
  • Giovannini M et al. (1991). J Int Med Res 19:88–102
  • Schmidt-Sommerfeld E et al. (1985). J Perinat Med 13:107–116
  • Barth CA et al. (1985). Compos Physiol Prop Hum Milk 229–238
  • Olson AL et al. (1989). J Clin Nutr 49:624–628
  • Winter SC et al. (1987). AJDC 141:660–665
  • Zmora E et al. (1979). Am J Dis Child 133:141–144
  • Slonim AE et al. (1981). J Pediatr 99(4):551–556
  • Kanaka C et al. (1992). Eur J Pediatr 151:786–788
  • Ohtani Y et al. (1985). J Paediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 4:845–846
  • Penn D et al. (1987). Biol Neonate 52:70–79
  • Ferreira IM (2003). Brit J Nutr 90:127–133
  • Warshaw JB & Curry E (1980). J Pediatr 97(1):122–125
  • Borum PG et al. (1979). Am J Clin Nutr 32 :2272–2276
  • Urgell MR et al. (2005). Nutr Hosp 20:135–146
  • Arenas J et al. (1998). Early Hum Dev 53:S43–S50
  • Novak M (1990). Biol Neonate 58(1):89–92
  • Novak M et al. (1979). Pediat Res 13:10–15
  • Schmidt-Sommerfeld E et al. (1978). Pediatr Res 12:660–664
  • Novak M et al. (1983). Acta Chir Scand S 517:149–155
  • Rebouche CJ et al. (1990). Am J Clin Nutr 52:820–824
  • Borum PR (1985). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 63 :571–576
  • Borum PR (1981). Nutr Rev 39(11):385–390
  • Scaglia F & Longo N (1999). Sem Perinat 23(2):152–161
  • Schmidt-Sommerfeld E & Penn D (1996). In: Seim H & Loester H (eds): Carnitine – Pathobiochemical Basics and Clinical Applications. Ponte Press Bochum
  • Shenai JP & Borum PR (1984). Pediat Res 18(7):679–681
  • Mele gh B (1990). Biol Neonate 58(1):93–106
  • Crill CM & Helms RA (2007). Nutr Clin Pract 22(2):204-213
  • ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition (1990). Acta Paediatr Scand 79(10):1001–1005
  • ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition (1991). Acta Paediatr Scand 80:887–896
  • Scientific Committee on Food (2003). www.europa.eu.int
  • ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition (2005). J Pediatr Gastroent Nutr 41:584–599
  • Codex Alimentarius (2007). www.codexalimentarius.net
  • EU Commission (2006). Official J Europ Union L401/1
  • EU Commission (2006). Official J Europ Union L 339/16–35